Source: http://the-gadgeteer.com/2012/11/30/funtab-pro-7-kid-friendly-android-tablet/
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Source: http://the-gadgeteer.com/2012/11/30/funtab-pro-7-kid-friendly-android-tablet/
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December is a crazy time of year in the fitness industry. This is when many people who have worked hard at their fitness and weight-loss goals all year resign themselves to sparse workouts, overindulgence at parties and general back-sliding in their fight for fitness.
I???m hoping to reduce this trend and help you make your December just as healthy as every other month by sharing a number of dynamic exercises over the coming weeks. I hope you can include these dynamic training principles into your fitness plan.
Remember that variety is one thing that our bodies respond well to when it comes to training stimulus. If we get in too much of a routine, our fitness results gradually diminish and will eventually plateau. This is always a great time to shake it up a bit, and these dynamic training techniques are the answer.
Dynamic exercises utilize multiple body segments and muscle groups in an active manner that provides a number of different challenges, such as strength and balance, or flexibility and core strength, etc.
Often there can also be a cardiovascular component as well, resulting in an elevated heart rate and breathing frequency.
All of these benefits should add up to enhanced fitness, improved general health, elevated metabolism and increased fat loss. Although the dynamic overload aspect of these exercises is important, optimal body position, core stability and movement quality must prevail.
If you???ve had any serious spinal or joint conditions, or recent surgeries, it is important to get clearance from the experts in advance. As always, consult your doctor before beginning or modifying your training plan, and be sure to perform a progressive warm-up before exercising.
Dynamic warm-up: Leg swings
I really like exercises that require the body to adapt and perform on a variety of levels at the same time.
Dynamic leg swings are just such an exercise, requiring balance, co-ordination, flexibility and core stabilization all at the same time, while elevating the heart rate and lubricating the joints.
Start by standing tall on both feet, and begin to swing your right leg like a pendulum, from front to back while balancing on your left foot. Keep your core engaged to maintain a neutral spine as you increase the power and velocity of the leg swing (imagine kicking a soccer ball over and over).
Begin to swing your arms opposite your legs, and focus on the core connection between your upper and lower extremities.
As you increase the force and range of motion of the arm and leg movements, you can begin to rise up onto your left forefoot as your right leg swings in front, dropping onto your heel as the leg swings back.
Always maintain neutral spinal and pelvic alignment. Perform two to three sets of 25 swings on each leg, striving for balanced power and stability on each side of the body.
Dynamic conditioning: Twisting jump lunges
As a more advanced dynamic exercise, twisting jump lunges with a medicine ball incorporate many of the body???s muscles and require core stability, balance and overall athleticism. Start by holding a four- to six- pound medicine ball in both hands, directly in front of your body. Step forward with your right leg into a lunge position, keeping equal weight on both feet, with 90-degree angles at both knees and strong gluteal engagement. Turn from the rib cage, rotating your arms and the medicine ball over your front leg. Pause in this position, being sure to engage your core and stabilize your spine.
In a single, integrated, explosive movement, switch legs as you swing the medicine ball across to the left side, pausing in a balanced and aligned position. Repeat for a total of 20 repetitions, and perform two to three sets.
Dynamic core and flexibility: Pike inchworm
I like quadruped and sprawl position activities due to the core stability requirements to create the sling support against gravity.
Start in a full pushup position, with your arms fully extended supporting your upper body weight.
Maintaining core stability and good spinal alignment, slowly inch your feet forward toward your hands as you keep your legs long. The closer your feet get, and the higher your hips rise, the more you should feel your hamstrings and calves stretch.
When you???ve gone as far as possible, begin to slowly walk your hands forward until you reach the starting position. Repeat this sequence multiple times, using core control to keep your pelvis square and level throughout the movement.
Each time you reach the final pike position, try to push a bit higher with the hips to improve your range of motion. Perform a total of 10 to 15 repetitions through this sequence.
Rob Williams is a kinesiologist and posture specialist in downtown Vancouver. He welcomes questions at rob@williamshealthgroup.com
Article source: http://www.montrealgazette.com/health/diet-fitness/Exercises+dynamic+December/7617655/story.html
Source: http://fitness.autoblogsdemo.info/?p=5125
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FILE - This Aug. 31, 2011 file photo shows Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries attending a party thrown in their honor at Capitale in New York. Kardashian's attorney Laura Wasser told a judge on Wednesday Nov. 28, 2012 that the reality starlet is "handcuffed" to her estranged husband, Humphries, and unable to move on with her life because the NBA player continues to seek an annulment but is not ready for trial. (AP Photo/Evan Agostini, file)
FILE - This Aug. 31, 2011 file photo shows Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries attending a party thrown in their honor at Capitale in New York. Kardashian's attorney Laura Wasser told a judge on Wednesday Nov. 28, 2012 that the reality starlet is "handcuffed" to her estranged husband, Humphries, and unable to move on with her life because the NBA player continues to seek an annulment but is not ready for trial. (AP Photo/Evan Agostini, file)
LOS ANGELES (AP) ? Kim Kardashian's divorce attorney told a judge Wednesday that the reality star wants to move on with her life but is "handcuffed" to her estranged husband because the case is not yet ready for trial.
Superior Court Judge Stephen Moloney told attorneys for Kardashian and NBA player Kris Humphries to return to court in mid-February to set a trial date to either dissolve or annul the couple's 72-day marriage. He didn't set a deadline for depositions and other pre-trial investigation to be completed, but indicated a trial could be held early next year if it is ready by Feb. 15.
Humphries, a power forward for the Brooklyn Nets, is seeking an annulment based on fraud, but his attorney says he needs more time to collect documents from companies that handle Kardashian's reality shows.
Kardashian is seeking a traditional divorce and her attorney Laura Wasser has cited both the marriage's short duration and a prenuptial agreement as reasons for why it should be quickly resolved.
"I don't think his client has a fraud case," Wasser said in court of Humphries' attorney. "I think there's a fishing expedition going on here."
Humphries' attorney Marshall Waller said he needed to be sure he had documents from E! Entertainment and NBC Universal before deciding the scope of his case, but that he was narrowing it down.
"I do understand the desire to get this case moved," Waller said. "There's nothing in particular about this case that makes it more important than anybody else."
Wasser however said that unlike in a regular divorce proceeding, Kardashian cannot have her marriage dissolved and resolve other issues later. "Ms. Kardashian is now handcuffed to Mr. Humphries," she said.
Kardashian filed for divorce more than a year ago, citing irreconcilable differences just weeks after the couple's star-studded and televised wedding. Humphries later filed for an annulment, claiming the marriage was based on fraud but he has yet to lay out any specific evidence for his claim.
Wasser says Kardashian's mother, Kris Jenner, and current boyfriend, Kanye West, have been deposed in the case.
Kardashian, 32, has not yet been deposed in the case. She is the star of the E! Entertainment Television series "Keeping Up with the Kardashians," the network's top-rated show, which averaged more than 3 million viewers in its sixth season. She also appears on other series involving her family.
___
Anthony McCartney can be reached at http://twitter.com/mccartneyAP
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With Winamp for Android version 1.4.3 and Album Washer, you don't have to. If you are an Album Washer user, go to Settings >> SHOUTcast Album Art or by long pressing on the SHOUTcast Now Playing screen.
The Album Washer add-on was launched in June of this year as an in-app purchase ($3.99 USD) from the Winamp Add-on store. See the Album Washer tutorial for more details, but basically it's a tool that helps you clean up your personal music library. In other words, it updates incorrect or missing track information and gives you the option to download high quality album art.
In our latest release (1.4.3), Album Washer will also display high quality album art for SHOUTcast stations. The feature is turned off by default so users will have to first enable it from the Winamp Settings screen or by long holding on SHOUTcast Now Playing.
(Note to Lyrics users: the Now Playing long press function is disabled when Lyrics are turned on.)
The new SHOUTcast album artwork feature in Album Washer is based on a metadata look-up, so the accuracy of the look-up depends on the quality of the data provided by the SHOUTcast station broadcaster.
Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/WinampBlog/~3/JkL1O2964Jc/
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BERLIN (Reuters) - Ford Motor Co
Scrambling to cut costs and stem European losses, the U.S. manufacturer said on October 24 that it plans to close the Genk factory employing about 4,300 workers by the end of 2014 and shift production to Valencia.
The shutdown of Genk would delay introduction of the new Mondeo mid-size car, which like the Galaxy and S-MAX, is assembled at the eastern Belgian site. All models are nearing the end of their life cycles.
Ford declined to confirm the report of the planned delay, saying it has not provided details about its upcoming models other than the next-generation Mondeo sedan.
The automaker has also previously said that "pending the outcome of the consultation process, it could result in the transfer of the next-generation Ford Mondeo, S-MAX and Galaxy to Ford's Valencia Plant in Spain," Ford of Europe spokesman John Gardiner said in an email.
Ford, which posted a $468 million European loss in the third quarter, expects to lose a combined $3 billion in the region in 2012 and 2013.
(Reporting by Andreas Cremer; additional reporting by Deepa Seetharaman; Editing by Mike Nesbit and David Gregorio)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ford-may-delay-minivan-launches-plant-closes-report-175342818--sector.html
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TUNIS (Reuters) - At least 200 people were injured as Tunisians demanding jobs and economic development clashed with police on Wednesday, medical sources said, in the latest unrest to hit the country that spawned the Arab Spring uprisings.
Officers fired teargas and rubber bullets to disperse crowds who rallied for a second day in Siliana, a city in Tunisia's economically deprived interior on the edge of the Sahara desert, said witnesses.
Tunisia ousted its president Zain al-Abidine Ben Ali last year, setting off a wave of uprisings that toppled rulers in Egypt, Libya and Yemen and inspired the revolt in Syria.
Its new, elected Islamist-led government has since struggled to revive the economy in the face of a decline in trade with the crisis-hit euro zone and disputes between secularists and Salafi Islamists over the future direction of the North African state.
A medic from Siliana Hospital who did not wish to named said more than 200 people had been injured in the clashes.
A journalist from France 24 television told Reuters he and a colleague had been hospitalized for wounds from birdshot apparently fired by riot police.
Many protesters demanded called for the resignation of local officials, saying the authorities had failed to release development funds for their region.
State television said that at least 80 people were injured and that residents blocked the entrances to the city, setting tires alight on roads.
Iyed Dahmani, a politician from the Republican Party in the town, said the national guard - an interior ministry-run security force - had deployed tanks to help restore order.
The protests were the fiercest since hardline Salafi Islamists attacked the U.S. embassy in Tunis in September over an anti-Islam film made in California. That violence left four people dead.
Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali has accused both Salafis and liberal elites of harming Tunisia's economy and image through their conflict with each other. His Ennahda party has tried to present itself as a middle way between liberals and Salafis.
The World Bank on Tuesday approved a $500 million loan to Tunisia to help it recover from the uprising, with another $700 million loan coming from other donors.
The loan, the World Bank's second since the revolution, aims to support Tunisia's economic recovery by providing funds to improve the business and financial sectors and reform social services.
(Reporting By Tarek Amara; Writing by Tarek Amara and Andrew Hammond; Editing by Andrew Heavens)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/tunisians-clash-police-over-economic-woes-164627323.html
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Dear Waldo,
Me and Jenny got us a problem here. We're thinking about getting married, but our families are not exactly rich in love stories. My father's been married four times, my mother's been married three times, my brother's never been married but has three kids by three different mothers, Jenny doesn't even know who her real father is, her mother just got divorced for the second time and will be in a bar tonight I guarantee it, and her two sisters got a total of five divorces and her brother collects restraining orders like they might be worth money someday. Me and Jenny really really want things to work but we feel somewhat shortchanged on role models. We don't just want to get married. What we want is a marriage that lasts. You got any good ideas about this?
Scared but in love,
Rick and Jenny
Dear Rick and Jenny,
As your fragmented, dysfunctional families display so beautifully, marriage can get rough.
However, I'm pleased to report that I have developed a simple, foolproof, five-question quiz you can take to determine if you are good candidates for a long term marriage. So please find a comfy place to sit, Rick and Jenny, and let's begin the exam.
1. Please close your eyes. Now imagine two toilets side by side. And now imagine the two of you sitting together on those toilets, turding. Hold that image as long as you can in your head. If both of you, in that image in your head, do not begin to laugh, DO NOT GET MARRIED. I REPEAT: DO NOT GET MARRIED. I MEAN IT. I'M NOT KIDDING. THE CHANCES ARE IT WILL FAIL. DON'T DON'T DO IT. Why? Because if shitting side by side is not funny, what is?
2. The two of you are sitting on an empty beach, looking out at the sea. Now, coming from opposite directions, are an incredibly sexy young woman and an incredibly sexy young man who pass each other right in front of you. Which of the two following scenarios is CLOSER to your guess about what would happen in the very next moment between the two of you sitting there by the ocean:
A. As the beautiful people disappear down the beach, you do not look to each other. You look back at the sea. You say nothing.
B. As the beautiful people disappear down the beach, you turn to each other, pretend to chew your tongues, release a noise usually made by The Three Stooges.
If you chose A., DO NOT -- I REPEAT, DO NOT GET MARRIED. AGAIN, I'M NOT JOKING AROUND HERE. THE ODDS IT WILL FAIL ARE TOO HIGH. DO. NOT. GET. MARRIED. DO NOT. Why? Because pretending each other's ass etc. is the only ass etc. that has any attraction to you is a silly lie.
3. Try this speech out on your loved one, word for word: "I love you. And I know there will be times when I will want to make love with you and you will not want to make love with me. When those times come, and come they shall, as surely as winter turns to spring, would it be OK with you if I just go ahead and masturbate like crazy? Because that would be fantastic. And while I'm masturbating there beside you, if you would help me out even a tiny bit, which I would never require but which would be a much appreciated bonus -- no more than a couple minutes of your time, max -- that would be an extra great thing that I'd be so thankful for. My loved one, is this something you might do for me from time to time throughout our lives whenever this particular situation should come about?
If the answer to this memorized question is anything less agreeable than "Sure. What's a couple minutes?" then DO NOT GET MARRIED. FAKE A SICKNESS. GET OUT OF TOWN. GO TO PRISON. DO SOMETHING. ANYTHING. BUT DO NOT GET MARRIED. Why? Because the small details of your sex life are essential to thorough contentment. All that is required is some fairly regular delivery system of pleasure. You weed your garden. You answer your emails. The three to four minute trade-off we're talking about here is clearly a fantastic investment.
4. You are strolling down a flower-lined avenue on a lovely spring day and you hear this being screamed inside House A: "I hate your stinking filthy guts! I wish we never got married! I hate you I hate you I hate you!" You continue your morning walk and you pass an open window in House B and you hear this being said in even tones: "I have such contempt for you. Why I ever married you is beyond me." In which house is there a chance that everything will be fine tomorrow?
(Helpful Hints: Hate and Contempt are two very different things. You may say you hate broccoli, but you cannot have contempt for broccoli. You may say you hate Hitler but what you mean is you have contempt for Hitler. When you hate something, hate is a rental -- it will not be yours forever. Contempt, on the other hand, you own. Hate is a thug made inarticulate by anger. Contempt is clear-headed and well-spoken, delighted by the sound of its own voice as it explains to you the essential qualities you lack that render you so utterly contemptible. In short, contempt is what hate hopes to be when it grows up: a superstar in the big leagues of animosity).
Hating each other's stinking guts from time to time is a perfectly acceptable activity in a healthy marriage. Having contempt for your loved one, however, is not. Therefore, if you did not answer House A, FORGET IT. DO NOT GET MARRIED. RUN FOR THE HILLS. HIGH-TAIL IT OUT THE WINDOW IF YOU HAVE TO. GO. RUN. DO NOT GET MARRIED. DO NOT. DO. NOT. BECAUSE THE CHANCES ARE IT AIN'T GONNA WORK. Why? If you have to ask at this point, just please, don't get married.
5. Imagine that you come into the bedroom, and there is your loved one, the person you are intending to spend the rest of your life with, snoring like a rhinoceros. The lips of your prospective partner for the rest of your life are flapping. The eyelids of your prospective partner for the rest of your life are twitching. The mouth of your prospective partner for the rest of your life is hanging open and you can see your prospective partner for the rest of your life's tongue, and even that thing has got a life of it's own. Please freeze that moment in your head, and take time to examine it. When you're ready, which of the following choices is CLOSER to the way you actually felt at that moment as you looked down at your sleeping loved one:
A. Holy shit. Look at this thing. It's like road kill only now I'm supposed to stop my car, get out, and marry it?
B. Ok. Still. I'm in.
This is the easiest one. If your answer is not B, you do not need me to tell you which exit to take.
Rick and Jenny, I sure hope this helps. I'm rooting for you.
Your Fan,
Waldo Mellon
?
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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/waldo-mellon/waldos-marriage-quiz_b_2192110.html
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ARBIL, Iraq (Reuters) - Rival Syrian Kurdish parties have agreed to re-unify their ranks and push for federalism in Syria after a previous pact that was not implemented, but the new deal has already been undermined by the reluctance of one faction to fall into line.
Syria's Kurds see the civil war ravaging their country as an opportunity to gain the rights they have long been denied under President Bashar al-Assad and his father before him, who deprived thousands of citizenship.
But they are divided over their role in the Syrian conflict and where they stand in relation to the Arab-dominated opposition, which some regard as inherently anti-Kurdish.
Under firm pressure from Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani, representatives of two main camps: the Democratic Union Party (PYD), and the Kurdish National Council (KNC) met and renewed their commitment to a joint higher council.
"We agreed to adopt federalism as a working draft," said Aldar Khalil, a member of another council that presides over the PYD.
They also said they would create a joint security apparatus, control border checkpoints together and merge their military wings.
But an armed unit known as the Popular Protection Committess (YPG), which is affiliated with the PYD, issued a statement saying it would not unite with any other military force, according to media close to the group.
There is also discord regarding the new Syrian opposition coalition, which the PYD rejects as a proxy of Qatar and Turkey. The KNC, itself a coalition of more than a dozen smaller parties, has yet to decide whether to join the body.
The KNC is broadly accepted by the political mainstream, unlike the PYD, which is aligned with the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), a Turkish Kurd militant group listed as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the European Union and the United States.
Barzani already brought the two sides together in July, but the KNC repeatedly accused the PYD of flouting that accord, blaming the group for kidnapping one of its members and harassing rival activists.
A source close to the talks said he doubted the latest agreement would make much difference, citing suspicions of complicity between the PYD and Assad.
"Relations will be cordial for a week or two but then the same problems will resurface," he said on condition of anonymity. "The problem is there are two sides: one is with the regime and the other is against it".
At the recent meetings in the Iraqi Kurdish capital Arbil, Barzani said he would not support the Syrian Kurds unless they stayed together.
(Reporting by Isabel Coles; Editing by Jon Hemming)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/syrian-kurds-seek-unite-divided-ranks-234147214.html
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By Rebecca Macatee, E! Online
Lady Gaga had some unexpected party guests this Thanksgiving in Peru. Thirty-five Little Monster's snuck into the "Cake" singer's garage and were discovered on a security camera by Gaga as she noshed on Turkey Day leftovers ... in the buff.
Gareth Cattermole / Getty Images
"Thanksgiving story: woke up for leftovers in kitchen (naked) -- stumbled on security camera revealing 35 monsters in my garage. #why #iloveu," she tweeted.
Gaga gets animated for holiday window display
"#MONSTERFACT when gaga is asleep try to break into the garage, sing loud as possible, + ring the doorbell repeatedly," she added. "#happening now #badkids"
"i should be mad i guess except I tried to figure out how to slide stuffing under the door, but there's no cat-flap," she joked. Besides a few dozen uninvited fans, Lady Gaga was joined by her family in Peru for the holiday. She tweeted?that it was "so special" to spend Thanksgiving together and reminded?her Little Monsters she's "thankful for all of you."
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ScienceDaily (Nov. 26, 2012) ? Some people live their lives by the motto "no risk -- no fun!" and relish risks. Others are clearly more cautious and focus primarily on safety when investing and for other business activities. Scientists from the University of Bonn in cooperation with colleagues from the University of Zurich studied the attitudes towards risk in a group of 56 subjects. They found that in people who preferred safety, certain regions of the brain show a higher level of activation when they are confronted with quite unforeseeable situations. In addition, they do not distinguish as clearly as risk takers whether a situation is more or less risky than expected.
The results have just been published in the Journal of Neuroscience.
"We were especially interested in the link between risk preferences and the brain regions processing this information," says Prof. Dr. Bernd Weber from the Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs) at the University of Bonn. First, the researchers tested a total of 56 subjects for their willingness to take risks. "In an economic game, the test subjects had a choice between a secured payout and a lottery," reports Sarah Rudorf from CENs, the study's principal author. Those who showed a strong preference for the lottery in this test were categorized as risk takers. Others preferred the secured payout even if the lottery's odds of winning were clearly better. They were put in the risk-averse group.
In risk-averse individuals, certain regions of the brain are activated more strongly
Then the test subjects played a card game in a brain scanner to study their risk perception. Cards carrying numbers from one to ten were shown on the video glasses in front of their eyes. Each time, two cards were randomly drawn. Before the subjects were shown the cards, they were asked to place bets on whether the second card would have a higher or a lower number than the first one. "The statistical probability for either case to occur is always the same: fifty-fifty," says Prof. Weber. "This is important so that all subjects, whether they are risk takers or not, experience risky situations inside the scanner." They were not able to assess their probability of winning their bet until they saw the first card. Here, the researchers found that in the subjects who tended to avoid risks, two specific regions of the brain were activated more strongly than in those who were willing to take risks. These areas are the ventral striatum and the insular cortex. The ventral striatum reacts both to the probability of winning, as well as to how well an individual can predict the outcome of the bet. The insular cortex is particularly sensitive to the risk a situation carries, and for whether it is higher or lower than anticipated.
Risk seekers adjust their strategy after lucky streaks
Sarah Rudorf summarized the results, "Individuals in whom these regions of the brain are activated at a higher level seem to perceive risks more clearly and assess them as more negative than those who are willing to take risks." Risk-averse individuals seem to overestimate the con?sequences of risk, and they did not distinguish as clearly between situations that turned out to be more or less risky than expected. In contrast, the test subjects who tended to take greater risks also focused their behavior more towards the wins and losses, and more clearly changed their strategy after negative situations.
Study is first to show the neurobiological mechanisms
"This study is the first to show the neurobiological mechanisms of how individual risk preferences determine risk perception," says Prof. Weber. "This also has effects on behavior in the areas of finance and health." In a next step, the researchers want to study the consequences these results have on economic decisions such as in the stock market. "This might even allow improving the advising process for investors with regard to their individual risk behavior," says Prof. Weber. And he considers health another important area. Smokers know that what they do is very dangerous, and yet they smoke. "If we learned more about smokers' attitudes towards risk, we might be able to provide information for developing better anti-smoking campaigns."
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/86WubHUIM4o/121126110651.htm
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The international community's attempts to address global warming, and its potentially devastating consequences, resume in earnest today (Nov. 26), as delegates gather in Doha, Qatar.
This is the latest round in two decades of U.N. climate talks that have sought to stem rising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which climate scientists warn will lead to devastating sea-level rise, changes in weather and other natural systems.
In 2009, at talks in Copenhagen, negotiators established a goal: Cut emissions enough to cap warming at 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above the pre-industrial average, and so avert the worst repercussions.
Over the next two weeks, negotiators will, once again, take a crack at closing the gap between this target and current emissions trajectories, which some worry have placed the planet on a track for considerably more warming and more devastating effects. [How 2 Degrees Will Change Earth]
Here are some of the main points negotiators are expected to tackle in Doha:
Cutting emissions before 2020 & beyond
In Copenhagen, three years ago, some nations made pledges to cut emissions by 2020. The United States, for instance, said it would cut its emissions to 17 percent below the level in 2005. However, as three successive U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP) reports have pointed out, even if nations meet these pledges, global emissions are on track to surpass the target in 2020.
There are several potential ways to raise the level of ambition toward meeting this short-term goal, said Niklas H?hne, director of energy and climate policy at the independent research and consulting company Ecofys and a UNEP report author.
These include agreements by pledged countries to deepen their reductions; reductions from areas outside the realm of current national pledges, such as international transport; and pledges from new countries, including those in Middle East, H?hne said.
(Qatar, which is hosting this year's talks, emits the most carbon dioxide per capita in the world, according to World Bank figures. It did not make a pledge.)
Separately from these pledges, the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty that required developed nations to cut emissions, may get new life in the short term. A small group of nations, including the European Union and Australia, may sign on to a second commitment period under the treaty.
The Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period expires this year. While the United States never signed on, other nations, including Canada, Japan and Russia, pulled out of the treaty.
And finally, there is a long-term agreement on the horizon. At Durban, a year ago, negotiators looked further into the future, laying the groundwork for a new agreement to be set up by 2015 and implemented in 2020. Many important details of this agreement remain to be resolved.
What needs to be done?
The nongovernmental group Climate Interactive has performed model simulations of the global energy system to look at possible pathways toward the warming cap. Their work has shown all successful pathways tend to include three components: more energy efficiency, more use of renewable energyand some kind of cost attached to carbon-dioxide emissions, Beth Sawin, the group?s co-director told LiveScience. [Top 10 Craziest Environmental Ideas]
Limiting carbon-dioxide emissions from deforestation and successfully limiting other greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, are also important, Sawin said.
"Without those elements, our model has difficulty producing pathways to 2 degrees [the cap on warming]," she said, adding, however, "if we are smart and start soon, the 2-degree goal seems to be within reach."
Part of the solution may come from outside the U.N. negotiation process, H?hne said.
He and colleagues, writing in the journal Nature Climate Changein an article published online in June, list 21 greenhouse-gas reducing initiatives for companies, cities and other entities, that cumulatively could put the 2-degree warming cap within reach.
These include emissions cuts by companies spearheaded by an association such as the World Business Council for Sustainable Development; and a coalition-led effort to reduce major cities' emissions.
"It has to be a combination of both," H?hne said of the top-down U.N. negotiation process and the sort of bottom-up efforts described in the paper. "Each one individually will not work."
The climate talks are scheduled to end Friday, Dec. 7.
Follow LiveScience on Twitter @livescience. We're also on Facebook?& Google+.
Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Source: http://news.yahoo.com/climate-talks-doha-accomplish-131552213.html
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GOMA, Democratic Republic of Congo (Reuters) - Congo's army reinforced its positions south of the city of Goma on Saturday to halt a rebel advance, as African leaders met in Uganda to try to end the deepening crisis in an area long plagued by ethnic and political conflict.
Fighters from the M23 group, widely thought to be backed by neighboring Rwanda, were trying to push south along Lake Kivu near the eastern rebel stronghold of Goma on the Rwandan border.
Regional and international leaders are scrambling to halt the latest flare-up in the Great Lakes area, fuelled by a mix of local and regional politics, ethnic rifts and competition for big reserves of gold, tin and coltan.
In the capital, Kinshasa, authorities banned protests, citing the need to keep order in what Congo's national chief of police, Charles Bisengimana, called "undeclared state of war".
Fractured government forces were reinforcing positions on the shores of Lake Kivu, an army spokesman told Reuters, in a bid to win back territory lost this week as the rebels pushed out of Goma, a city of one million people.
"Our objective is to retake territory we've lost," said Congo army (FARDC) spoksesman Colonel Olivier Hamuli.
Goma is a regional headquarters of a U.N. force, known as MONUSCO, tasked with assisting government troops to protect civilians, but peacekeepers largely looked on once the army fled and the city fell. France has called MONUSCO's failure "absurd".
The rebels have threatened to march on Kinshasa and "liberate" the rest of the central African nation, and failed attempts at a counter offensive this week forced FARDC to pull back to the lakeside town of Minova, leaving a trail of corpses and abandoned equipment in their wake.
"We are going to defend Minova, but we'll also try to push back the rebels," Hamuli said. Troop reinforcements were being sent to the front lines, he said.
M23 forces moved south through the hills towards Minova, in a strategic position on the road to Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu province, and a rebel spokesman said they had come within 12 km (7-1/2 miles) of the town before halting their advance.
The rebels have said that Bukavu is their next objective and have vowed to sweep across the vast nation Kinshasa if Congolese President Joseph Kabila does not agree to talks.
M23 LEADER IN KAMPALA
The head of M23's political arm was also in the Ugandan capital, Kampala, but it was not clear whether he would hold direct talks with Kabila.
Rwandan President Paul Kagame is not attending the negotiations and is represented by Foreign Minister Louise Mushikiwabo. Rwanda has vigorously denied charges it is supporting the rebellion.
As commanders on the ground tried to cobble together a force capable of holding back the rebels, Kabila appointed a new interim head of ground forces late on Friday.
General Francois Olenga Tete takes over from former army boss General Gabriel Amisi, who was suspended on Thursday amid charges he had sold arms to other eastern rebels.
Olenge rose through the ranks of a rebellion led by Kabila's father and former president Laurent Kabila.
A 2008 U.S. diplomatic cable released by WikiLeaks described him as a political appointee with no military background, a violent streak and "reputed to be corrupt".
"The question is not (that it will make a big difference to the army), it was that the post was empty and it needed to be filled," Information Minister Lambert Mende said late on Friday.
(Additional reporting by Elias Biryabarema in Kampala; Writing by Joe Bavier)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/congo-rebels-push-repelling-counter-attack-104602257.html
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Multi shot airsoft shotgun is one such gun which will come for your rescue as you don't need any license for purchasing these toy guns. The manufacturers also provide shots with these guns for firing. The guns are suitable for all age groups starting from kids to adolescents and adults. During young age kids love to act as soldiers with their friends and play games related to fighting. So at that time they can use these toy guns. But you never know that after some time this playing habit turns into a sports habit, as shooting is a very renowned sport event which has its importance World wise. Summer olympics is such an event in which this sport is being played since its inception in 1896. Representing ones country in a sport event is a thing of great pride and honor.
Airsoft has variety of guns including pistol grip shotgun which is the most favourite among gun lovers. Pistols are very handy and light weight guns that is why they are preferred by many people who has a liking for guns. Even if you wants to give gun for your kids it's better to first give them a pistol because of its light weight they will be able to bear its weight as compared to the heavy riffles.
When it comes to selecting quality toy guns then Airsoft Guns come first. Because before selling a gun these guns are tested in laboratory under control settings to make it sure that these guns do not harm any living being. But some precautions should also be taken by the users as the shot may hit an elderly person or any other who are not physically fit. Parents should not allow their kids to play with these guns in public places as close auditoriums or playgrounds are the best place to play with them.
While doing online booking of Multi Shot Airsoft Shotgun, make sure that you have mentioned correct code in the booking site as any incorrect code can led to exchange of your selected gun with some other one. And provide your address and telephone number correctly. If you are ordering it as a gift for someone else, then kindly mention your contact number also as in case of any confusion over address the delivery person can confirm it by calling you. Do make sure about authentic payment gateways when you do payment for the gun as your account information is very confidential and any leakage can create a huge problem.
Source: http://www.artipot.com/articles/1439709/dexterous-shotgun-suitable-for-all-age-groups.htm
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Windtraps could also work using condensation techniques like refrigeration, or a regenerative moisture absorber. Of course, those techniques require power.
If you work with this material you might be able to create something more like Stillsuits [wikia.com].
The material wicks sweat into tubes with one way valves. Normal walking motion compresses the tubes causing the system to act as a pump. Add a filtration system, and you're in business.
We're not there yet, but these people are making science fiction into science f
Source: http://rss.slashdot.org/~r/Slashdot/slashdotScience/~3/afLoyRkNaHU/story01.htm
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One particularly effective affiliate marketing solution is ezine or newsletter marketing. This is a paid method of advertising your business and your site by laser targeting the type of people that you feel would be interested in your product or service.
There are ezines or newsletters out there written on any topic that you can think of, the challenge is finding the specific ezine or newsletter that deals with your particular subject and making sure there is a loyal subscriber base that is not inundated with advertising from the publisher. You can do a simple search on Google or Yahoo to find different ezines or newsletters that deal with the topic that you are looking for and contact the publisher about their subscriber base and their advertising methods and frequency.
Some guidelines to use when making a decision which publication to choose for advertising are:
1) Number of subscribers ? typically above 20,000 is a good number.
2) Number of new subscribers per week ? 1000 to 5000 is good.
3) How often the publisher sends out solo ads ? no more than one per week.
You will want to focus on placing solo ads, ads that go out to all or part of the subscribers as an email that contains only your ad and link to your site. This is the most expensive form of advertising that newsletters will offer, but the best conversion by far.
Having trouble finding an ezine or newsletter with the right content and the right number of subscribers that offers solo advertising? Check out ?Directory of Ezines? online for an up-to-date, comprehensive list of ezines with details of number of subscribers, types of advertising available and cost, links to the ezine site so you can check out back issues, and contact information for the publisher to ask further questions.
Once you have chosen an ezine or newsletter that fits with your business, you can purchase a solo ad and provide the copy and link that you would like to send to the subscriber base. Make sure this ad is short and sweet (some ezine publishers limit the amount of words you can submit), and peaks the interest of the reader wanting to learn more about your product or service. The most successful solo ads are also the shortest, so keep it brief to get the clicks to your site
Some general guidelines for solo ads:
In the subject line, identify a big goal or a big problem facing your target market (ex. ?build massive wealth online? ? or ? ?can?t get your web business going??).
Then in the body of ad, address the big goal or big problem briefly (ex. ?internet novice builds massive wealth using simple methods outlined in this program? ? or ? ?get your business rolling with simple methods outlined in this program?).
Then type something like, ?click the link to learn how to build massive wealth online?. Simple as 1-2-3, keep it short and not a ton of detail to get the clicks.
Dave Altman is an experienced internet marketer leveraging and teaching the latest internet tools and technology to build wealth on the web. Taking pride in keeping up with the latest tools on the web to reach people and expose your business online. Learn more at [http://www.easywebcashsite.com].
Source: http://imm1.com/newsletter-marketing/
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The Black Friday protests by some Wal-Mart employees are an attempt to shame the company into public action ? even though the workers are not organized into a labor union.
By Mark Guarino,?Staff writer / November 23, 2012
EnlargeIn staging nationwide protests at Wal-Mart stores on Black Friday, employees and labor unions are turning back the clock ? trying to influence America?s largest retailer in ways that were the norm before the union movement started in the 1930s.
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The disgruntled employees group organizing Friday?s walkouts, called Organization United for Respect at Walmart (OUR Walmart), complains that Wal-Mart pays low wages and sets unfair labor conditions. But since Wal-Mart employees are not organized into a union, they can?t strike to air their grievances.
Instead, the Black Friday protests are only the latest ? and most ambitious ??of a series of attempts by OUR Walmart and others to publicly shame the company into listening to grievances.
?What is making today so interesting, and what this Walmart group has found, is there may be a way to essentially change Walmart?s behavior legally without having to actually organize 51 percent of the workers,? says Robert Bruno, director of the Labor Education Program at the University of Illinois in Chicago. ?While I?m sure that [union organizing] is still the objective, in the meantime they can create a lot of rights using less workers and without having to represent them.?
Wal-Mart officials say disgruntled workers make up far less than the 51 percent of the workforce needed to organize a union according to federal law. Moreover, they say that the United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, which is supporting OUR Walmart, is illegally interfering in the company?s business. The company filed a complaint with the National Labor Relations Board last Friday.
It is unclear how many protests are taking place, though local media reports show they are spread nationwide. They have been relatively peaceful, according to reports. OUR Walmart says that protests are being held at 1,000 stores in the US, but Wal-Mart calls that number ?grossly exaggerated,? according to a statement by spokesman David Tovar.
It says that many of the people in the protests are not employees at all. The company estimates that ?less than 50 associates participated in the protest nationwide ? roughly the same number of associates missed their scheduled shifts as last year,? said Bill Simon, Wal-Mart?s US president and chief executive officer, in a statement.
In Milwaukee, about 60 protesters arrived in buses at two separate Wal-Mart locations, where they marched around each building, holding signs and chanting. Several hundred protesters organized outside a Wal-Mart store in Capitol Plaza in Landover Hills, Md., outside Washington, according to a local CBS station. In Orlando, Fla., US Rep.-elect Alan Grayson (D) joined protesters.
Professor Bruno says it is inevitable that the labor movement would target Wal-Mart, because the firm has emerged to play such an important role in the new economy.
?Wal-Mart is GM and US Steel amplified. They are a key employer in a large industry that, given the changes in our economy, has become more important than they might have been several years ago,? he says. The Black Friday protests are a ?product of a series of experimental efforts over years to organize Wal-Mart and to recognize and improve the working conditions there.?
Since September, OUR Walmart has staged protests at company stores, hoping to force the company to pay an hourly minimum wage of $13, make full-time jobs a priority for existing employees, provide affordable health care, and more. The group also says Wal-Mart has unfairly retaliated against certain employees for various reasons, from needing to change work schedules to speaking out against the company.
Wal-Mart workers currently must work an average of 30 hours per week to receive benefits, and the average full-time hourly wage is $12.57, according to the company website.
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The cross-border rocket fire between Israel and Gaza has caused multiple deaths over several days of intense fighting. The unrest has put many travelers? plans in jeopardy, leaving them to contemplate cancelling travel arrangements, and hoping travel insurance will reimburse them for their losses. Squaremouth, America?s fastest growing travel insurance comparison site, advises travelers that buying travel insurance for cancellation coverage due to acts of war might not be worth the extra buck.
?The recent events in Israel have prompted several calls from customers questioning their coverage,? says Chris Harvey, CEO of Squaremouth. ?Concerned travelers should know that war is generally excluded from coverage in travel insurance policies.?
Although war may not be covered by travel insurance, terrorism may be listed as a covered reason for cancellation and interruption. Harvey says travelers may not make the distinction between war and terrorism, but a travel insurance policy will. Terrorism is often defined as the unsanctioned and illegal use of violence that causes destruction, injury, or death. The implied purpose is achieving a political or religious goal. Travelers should keep in mind that in order to claim cancellation for terrorism, a policy may require the covered person be scheduled to arrive in the city where the incident occurs within a specified number of days.
Even fulfilling these requirements may not qualify terrorism coverage under some policies. A certificate may exclude terrorism coverage for any destination where a travel warning has been issued by the U.S. State Department when the coverage is purchased.
However, all is not lost with travel insurance when it comes to coverage for war or civil unrest. Travelers who have coverage under the ?cancel for any reason? benefit can be reimbursed for a percentage of their non-refundable trip costs. This benefit allows travelers to cancel their trips without having to provide a reason to the travel insurance provider. In order to claim, travelers must insure 100% of their trip cost and make the cancellation at least two days before departure.
?We usually try to talk travelers out of buying ?cancel for any reason? coverage because they typically don?t need it,? says Harvey. ?But war is one case where ?cancel for any reason? coverage could be beneficial.?
For those already traveling, Squaremouth advises checking the policy certificate for coverage under the non-medical evacuation benefit. The benefit will transport travelers from a place of danger to the nearest place of safety, or home, in the event of civil, political, or military unrest at the destination.
The key to utilizing a travel insurance policy to its full advantage is knowing how specific benefits apply. Travelers are encouraged to read and review the terms of coverage to understand what is excluded from coverage and how covered benefits are defined.
About Squaremouth
Squaremouth is America?s fastest-growing travel insurance comparison site, providing the tools to instantly quote, compare and buy policies from every major provider. The company is headquartered in St. Petersburg, FL, with offices in Fort Wayne, IN. For more information on Squaremouth or its extensive network of partner sites worldwide, visit www.squaremouth.com.
About our Zero Complaint Guarantee
The cornerstone of Squaremouth?s commitment to customers is the guarantee to remove any provider with a customer complaint that cannot be resolved to Squaremouth?s satisfaction. Squaremouth offers the broadest selection of insurance, with an emphasis on quality, follow-up care, and independent evaluations from insurance industry watchdog, AM Best.
Squaremouth offers products from the following travel insurance providers:
Air Ambulance Card, AMEX Assurance Company, Azimuth Risk Solutions, LLC, CSA Travel Protection, Global Alert Administrators, HCC Medical Insurance Services, HTH Worldwide, IMG, ?iTravelInsured, John Hancock Insurance Agency, Inc., MedjetAssist, MH Ross Travel Insurance Services, Seven Corners Inc, Travel Guard, Travel Insurance Services, Travel Insured International, Travelex Insurance Services, TravelSafe, Trawick International, USA-ASSIST Worldwide Protection, and VacationGuard.
AVAILABLE TOPIC EXPERTS:
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Source: http://blogs.squaremouth.com/press-room/travel-insurance-wont-cover-acts-of-war-says-squaremouth/
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NEW YORK/BLOOMINGTON, Minnesota (Reuters) - The U.S. shopping frenzy known as "Black Friday" kicked off at a more civilized hour, with shoppers welcoming decisions by retailers such as Target Corp and Toys R Us Inc to move their openings to Thursday night.
They also seemed to show little concern that the U.S. economy could be pushed over a "fiscal cliff," if a combination of tax hikes and spending cuts take effect in January. Economists worry that unless U.S. President Barack Obama and Congress don't agree on a plan, the economy could fall into another recession.
The National Retail Federation expects sales during the holiday season to grow 4.1 percent this year, not as strong as last year.
"I think spending is better for the economy. I think you should spend. If you save all your money that will only make it worse," said Saiful Islam, 21, a New York accounting student who stood in line at Best Buy to purchase a television, a laptop and a PlayStation. "The line is bad, but the deals are good."
According to a Reuters/Ipsos poll, two-thirds of shoppers were planning to spend the same amount of money as last year or were unsure about spending plans, while 21 percent intended to spend less, and 11 percent planned to spend more.
"I definitely have more money this year," said Amy Balser, 26, at the head of the line outside the Best Buy store in the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota. "I definitely don't think (the economy) has bounced back anywhere near as much as it needs to, but I see some improvement," she said.
STARTING EARLY
Across the country, store lines were long - in the hundreds or more in many places - though the move toward earlier opening hours appeared to have helped.
While the shift was denounced by store employees and traditionalists because it pulled people away from families on the U.S. Thanksgiving holiday, many shoppers welcomed the chance to shop before midnight or in the early morning hours.
"I think it's better earlier. People are crazier later at midnight," said Renee Ruhl, 52, a hotel worker, at a Target store in Orlando, Florida, where she was already heading to her car with an air hockey game in her shopping cart 2-1/2 hours before the chain opened last year.
Others were not as happy with an earlier Black Friday.
A petition asking Target to "save Thanksgiving" had 371,606 supporters as of Thursday afternoon.
Some workers used the day to send a message.
OUR Walmart - a coalition of current and former Wal-Mart staff seeking better wages, benefits and working conditions - has staged months of protests outside stores and targeted "Black Friday" for action across the country.
HIGH STAKES
The stakes are high for U.S. retailers, who can earn more than one-third of their annual sales during the holiday season, which generally starts with Black Friday.
The National Retail Federation said 147 million people would shop Friday through Sunday, when deals are at their most eye-catching - down from 152 million the same weekend last year.
Wal-Mart Stores Inc's U.S. discount stores, which have been open on Thanksgiving since 1988, offered some "Black Friday" deals at 8 p.m. on Thursday and special deals on certain electronics, like Apple Inc iPads, at 10 p.m.
The earlier hours lured people who had not braved the crowds before on Black Friday, said Jason Buechel, a senior executive in the retail practice of consultancy Accenture, in observing mall activity.
Retailers also made things more orderly.
"There's no stress, no bustling, no people busting down doors," said Richard Stargill, a 43-year-old construction worker from New York, referring to incidents such as the 2008 death of a Walmart worker, trampled by a mob of shoppers.
For Edward Segura, 50, at a Target in Tucson, Arizona, with his wife Belinda, 44, and their daughter, the earlier hours were a blessing.
"We'll shop tonight and tomorrow is freed up for enjoyment. I get to play golf and we're going to a football game later," said Segura. "My wife thinks of this as the Super Bowl of shopping, but I'd rather do something else."
Like many Black Friday shoppers, Segura was looking at televisions. But electronics were not the only hot sellers.
At Macy's in Herald Square in Manhattan, the line at the Estee Lauder counter was four deep shortly after its midnight opening. The cosmetics department's "morning specials" included free high-definition headphones with any fragrance purchase of $75 or more, and a set of six eye shadows for $10.
At the Target on Elston Avenue on Chicago's Northwest side - known as one of the highest-volume stores in the chain - the $25 Dirt Devil vacuum that normally goes for $39.99 was sold out, though there were still several large televisions available. Items such as towels for $2, blankets, kids' slippers and pajamas were hot sellers.
At 2 a.m. CST (0800 GMT), Mall of America was poised to beat the record number of shoppers - 217,000 - that came on the same day last year, according to mall spokesman Dan Jasper.
The day is also a test for retailers shifting strategies, like J. C. Penney Co Inc, which has been suffering from plunging sales as it moves away from coupons toward lower pricing and specialized boutiques within stores.
Amina Kebbeh, 18, of the Bronx, New York, was on line for the 6 a.m. EDT (1100 GMT) opening of Penney's Manhattan store. Others stood with her, though the line was relatively tame, compared to larger stores and those that opened earlier.
"If they remove the coupons, no one is eager to come," she said.
(Additional reporting by Phil Wahba in New York, Jessica Wohl in Chicago, Paul Ingram in Tucson, Arizona, Jason McLure in Littleton, New Hampshire, and Barbara Liston in Orlando, Florida; Writing by Brad Dorfman and Ben Berkowitz; Editing by Nick Macfie, David Holmes and Jeffrey Benkoe)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/black-friday-thursday-kicks-off-u-holiday-shopping-025954866--finance.html
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?Once the diversity of the microbial world is catalogued? it will make astronomy look like a pitiful science.? ?Julian Davies
For Neil Armstrong, the big step was the moon. For Jeff Leach it is the colon.
Jeff Leach called me not so long ago to ask me about mine. Well, that isn?t totally right. He called to tell me about other peoples. Is that worse?
In the colon live ?trillions of bacteria (though such estimates are guesses as wild as those about the numbers of stars), a universe of planet-sized cells just above the sphincter. These bacteria are important, but uncharted. The most poorly known feature of these beasts is how they vary from one person to the next and why. This is a version of the belly button mystery I discussed last week?the mystery of what determines just which microbes you have and depend on (or fight). Leach wants to understand what determines the wild life of your colon, badly.
Most readers of Scientific American are aware that their bodies are covered inside and outside with microbes on which his or her life, odor, and much else depend?their cloak of cells. But this consensus is new. In the 1960s Lynn Margulis posited that the mitochondria in our cells and chloroplasts in plant cells were relictual bacteria, evidence of ancient symbioses. She also argued that symbiosis were everywhere, a dominant feature of evolution. She was right on all counts, the founding mother of the microbiome. She was also ignored. Not long after, Carl Woese went into his lab proposing to look at the nucleotides of bacteria to create evolutionary trees of microbes. He was laughed at, but went on to found modern evolutionary biology. Then, in the 1980s, while using LCD and driving around with his girlfriend Kary Mullis had the idea to use the enzymes in an Archaean (a group of microbes that Woese put on a totally unique branch of the tree of life) to amplify DNA and, in essence, produce much more of it for analysis. Together these accomplishments set the stage for the modern field of microbial ecology and evolution. For all of this work, Margulis, Woese and Mullis were regarded as crazy (They were not then, though each of them would ultimately turn to forms of wildness with time. Perhaps when you are once right and no one listens, you can come to believe that every time that no one listens you are right).
Leach wants to take the insights of Margulis and the tools of Woese and Mullis and go big. He is a go big or go home kind of guy. He has the ?let?s go kick some butt,? demeanor of a high school wrestling coach one win shy of the state championship. His perspective is that he can only really understand what is going on by seeing samples of feces (from toilet paper wipes) from thousands and thousands of samples. With those samples, Leach wants to study the variation among people in terms of their gut microbes (or at least the ones that end up in feces). This is the perspective of someone new to the field, someone with the good fortune to be able to work after the earlier, harder, times. Leach wants to see with the tools he has inherited. Galileo had a telescope. Anton Von Leeuwenhoek had a single-lens microscope. Leach has bundled up pieces of used Charmin, that and modern genetics.
[Image 1. Jeff Leach sampling home and body microbes in Namibia. The home samples are part of our Wild Life of Our Homes project; yourwildlife.org].
Leach thinks that there are healthy microbial communities and sick ones, that most of us tend to have somewhat to very sick ones and if we understand the variation we might understand how to eat, live, and farm (microbes) in such a way as to favor the healthy ones. He wants to study whole families, including cats, dogs and all the rest. ?This is an exciting idea, but it, like hundreds of other exciting ideas about gut microbes, still needs to be tested. The field is in its stumbling infancy. The field needs the data; Leach needs the data.
Leach is an anthropologist. He specializes in talking to people, not probing them. He needs help and so he has been making phone calls and in a global version of phone tag he has pulled together a super team of microbiologists, and then me, to try to help with his endeavor. The leaders of this large endeavor are now Leach, Rob Knight at the University of Colorado and Jack Gilbert at University of Chicago and Argonne National Lab, but the team is a who is who of the microbial ecologists of the body, intellectual descendents of Margulis, Mullis and Woese. Knight and Gilbert are now leading the technical part of the project and Leach is coordinating its public reach and offering anthropological context. ?Knight and Gilbert will use fancy molecular tools inspired by Woese and Mullis to see which species are in the feces of those who are sampled and then tell the participants about those species. My job, I think, is to help coordinate what we tell folks about those species. I?m the microbial biographer (stay tuned here for the edited biography)
But here is the problem, a problem we have encountered in our own studies of belly buttons and homes (yourwildlife.org). Microbial ecology and evolution take time. Processing samples is slow and budgets are fixed such that the more people are interested in projects, beyond some limit, the more can be understood about the invisible world, but also the longer it takes to get the job done. Leach had the idea to get around this problem by funding his project via Indiegogo (it sounds like a rash you get from being on Leach?s wrestling team, but it is actually a crowd-funding website). Participants will donate funds to have their samples processed, enough funds to cover the cost of processing their samples (which pays for their piece of a robot, a technician and a postdoc?yes, and this is terrible, the robot gets paid the most). As a starting point, he and Rob Knight have decided that if 275,000 are raised, it will be enough to get the project off the ground (again, damned robot). The project is called American Gut (to be followed, one hopes, by Australian Gut, Thai Gut, etc?, following in American Idol footsteps). You can donate here, but there is also a comment section so if you don?t have the cheddar you can always just leave a note.?For a hundred bucks, Leach and crew will tell you what microbes live in you or your dog. For two hundred they will compare them to those in you. Are you more similar in terms of your microbes to your neighbor or your pet? Does it depend on diet? Does it depend on your genes? Does it depend on where you live? To really answer these questions, especially nuanced ones such as the different effects of vegan versus vegetarian diets or the influence of one probiotic over another, they need many, many, people to participate, an unprecedented number of folks.
[Image 2. Rob Knight in his lab at the University of Colorado].
What is interesting and exciting about this project is that, for your money, it does not propose to deliver health miracles, a thinner fitter you or really anything practical in the short term. It proposes instead to produce science, the science of America?s colonic diversity and the science of you. In this era in which science seems to be getting beat up left and right (though mostly right), a time in which the call is to lower taxes and ignore climate change, will Americans pay for such knowledge? Margulis, Woese and Mullis never appear to have gotten their greatest work funded by the federal government. They did it on shoestrings and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. But what if the work the public is willing to pay for is different from the work that tends to get funded, what if the public cares more about the ecology of their bodies than do review panels? This is just what Leach, Knight and Gilbert are hoping for.
Even if Americans won?t pay for their science there is a back up plan. Leach and crew can offer that thing that seems to have even more cache, a world record. I haven?t checked with Guinness, but I am willing to bet that if Leach can really gets thousands of samples he will have the world?s largest collection of pieces of used toilet paper. If not for science or personal knowledge, you can still support Leach in his quest to be the champ.
As for Margulis, Woese, and Mullis? Woese continues to work. Mullis gives lectures. Margulis died last year. I can?t help wondering what she in particular would think of this and other microbiome projects. Her edited biography has just been released. Reading it reminds me of her reckless intellect, but also her battles. She fought her whole life to do what she loved, to study the microbes that she thought (rightly) run and own the world. Now the grandeur and importance of those same microbes have been recognized, enough so that athletes want to know about their microbes and celebrities do too. I have to hope Margulis would want to be sampled, to see her own trillions of symbionts. I think she would; toward the end of her life she was delighted to find a new species of single-celled beast in the pond where she liked to skinny dip. It had been swimming with her all those years, her private mystery. Would that we could have found a new species lurking in her gut too. But the reason I really wish she were still around is to help us think wildly about the data that result from Leach?s samples and those from other projects like our belly button or homes projects, to see the answers so outrageous that even once we articulate them no one will believe them for tens of years.
Giving thanks: Thank you Lynn Margulis, Carl Woese and Kary Mullis for letting us see what was so long invisible. Thank you invisible microbes for letting us exist.
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Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=70be56d1fd687a4a10a4665b4414ab24
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